![]() ![]() Understanding the resistance mechanisms of the eastern honey bees against Varroa mites will help in breeding hybrids or other bees that are resistant to Varroa destructor. It consists of self-cleaning, a grooming dance, nestmate cleaning, and group cleaning. ![]() Grooming behavior is regarded as the most important behavioral trait contributing to the defense against the parasitic mite. Several effective defense strategies have been implicated such as grooming and hygienic behaviors. destructor and suffer less damage than the western honey bee A. Meanwhile, infested bee species often exhibit dwindling populations and symptoms of viral and brood diseases. Unless steps are taken to reduce mite levels, colonies usually die within six months to two years. Previous studies have shown that all honey bee colonies are infested with Varroa mites. destructor cause honey bee declines have been widely studied and have been attributed to two main causes: 1) female mites and their offspring, which feed on bee hemolymph for reproduction, weakening the honey bee’s immune system, and 2) mites, which serve as an active vector of pathogenic viruses, and make the bees become more vulnerable to other secondary pathogens. ![]() Worth mentioning, the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor-originally confined to the eastern honey bee, Apis cerana-has become the most detrimental parasite of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, and currently is considered as the major threat to apiculture. Possible causes of the declines include exposure to certain pesticides, diseases, parasites, and even environmental deterioration. The recent sharp decline in honey bee populations has caused a global crisis as the honey bee supply cannot keep up with the increase in agricultural demands. Honey bees provide pollination services to a diverse array of agricultural crop plants, which is a highly valued resource around the world. 16089).Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 31372384) and the Fundamental Research Funds of Institute of Apicultural Research,CAAS (Grant No. Our study is now identified in MetaboLights as MTBLS379.įunding: Project support was provided by the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-45), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (CAAS-ASTIP-2016-IAR), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The underlying metabolomics data has been deposited into MetaboLights. Received: SeptemAccepted: MaPublished: April 12, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Wu et al. (2017) Brain metabolomic profiling of eastern honey bee ( Apis cerana) infested with the mite Varroa destructor. destructor mites and provide a better method for understanding the synergistic effects of parasitism on honey bee colonies.Ĭitation: Wu J-L, Zhou C-X, Wu P-J, Xu J, Guo Y-Q, Xue F, et al. The data obtained in this study offer insight into the defense mechanisms of A. Pathway analysis further revealed that linoleic acid metabolism propanoate metabolism and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were acutely perturbed. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied, and 64 dysregulated metabolites, including fatty acids, amino acids, carboxylic acid, and phospholipids, amongst others, were identified. Brain samples were collected from infested and control honey bees and then measured using an untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based global metabolomics method, in which 79 ions in ESI+ and ESI- mode, respectively, were successfully identified. destructor mite, we profiled the metabolic changes that occur in the honey bee brain during V. ![]() To better understand the mechanism of resistance of A. However, it rarely causes serious damage to its native hosts, the eastern honey bees Apis cerana. The mite Varroa destructor is currently the greatest threat to apiculture as it is causing a global decrease in honey bee colonies. ![]()
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